Liver Histology
The liver parenchyma is built from cells of the glandular epithelium, forming hepatic beams and plates, which consist of lobules of P. On a cross-section, the hepatic lobule has the form of a hexagon, from the sides of which the hepatic beams and sinusoidal capillaries extend to the center. In the middle of the hexagon of the hepatic lobule is the central vein. Intra-lobular blood capillaries are lined throughout with endothelium with flat, thin, porous cells adjacent to stellate reticuloendotheliocytes. The liver cells surrounding the liver sinusoids have a large number of cytoplasmic microgrowths (microvilli) that increase their absorption and excretory surfaces. The cells are separated from the surface of the capillary endothelium at a certain distance, so a perisinusoidal space is formed between them. the Disse space. The Disse space communicates through the pores with the capillaries and is therefore filled with plasma. It also communicates with the interstitial space of the Molly, from where the tissue fluid on the periphery of the lobule can flow into the interlobular roots of the lymph system.
There is a well-developed smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum. The lamellar complex is located between the cell nucleus and the plasmolemma facing the bile capillary, which is explained by its participation in the regulation of bile formation. Chromatin in the nucleus is evenly distributed, except for DNA, acidic and alkaline phosphatase are found in it. Hepatocytes located on the periphery of the lobule have a well-developed lamellar complex and smaller, rounded mitochondria; they are rich in glycogen and enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. In the central zone of the lobule, P. hepatocytes are lighter, differ in the activity of protein metabolism, and exhibit a pronounced reaction to alkaline phosphatase. In addition to functional features, age-related changes are observed in liver cells. Thus, the percentage of two nuclear hepatocytes with 1.5% in a newborn reaches 8.3% in adults. In old age, the pigment lipofuscin is deposited in hepatocytes.
The hepatic plates are separated by sinusoidal capillaries up to 30 microns in diameter and perispusoidal dissertation spaces. The sinusoidal capillary wall is built from a single layer of endotheliocytes and does not have a basement membrane. Endotheliocytes have a flattened shape and numerous pores in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm of endotheliocytes contains abundant small mitochondria, ribosomes, a well-represented lamellar complex, as well as many intracellular inclusions, some of which are permanent, such as vacuoles, others appear periodically with changes in the functional state of the cell. A large number of vacuoles facilitates transendothelial transport of molecules. Endotheliocytes, along with stellate reticuloendotheliocytes, perform a phagocytic function. At the origin of the sinusoid and at its confluence with the central vein, there are peculiar locking devices — precapillary and venous sphincters. It is assumed that they may include muscle and glomus cells. The sinusoidal capillaries, which complete the portal venous system, meet with the capillaries of the arterial tree of the liver in the peripheral and central zones of the lobule of the liver. The sportsbook offers an extraordinary range of betting markets that cater to every interest and preference. By activating a
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